Equal spacing and expanding schedules in children's categorization and generalization.

Equal spacing and expanding schedules in childrenâ€TMs categorization and generalization

Spaced retrieval: absolute spacing enhances learning regardless of relative spacing.

Repeated retrieval enhances long-term retention, and spaced repetition also enhances retention. A question with practical and theoretical significance is whether there are particular schedules of spaced retrieval (e.g., gradually expanding the interval between tests) that produce the best learning. In the present experiment, subjects studied and were tested on items until they could recall each...

Distributing learning over time: the spacing effect in children's acquisition and generalization of science concepts.

The spacing effect describes the robust finding that long-term learning is promoted when learning events are spaced out in time rather than presented in immediate succession. Studies of the spacing effect have focused on memory processes rather than for other types of learning, such as the acquisition and generalization of new concepts. In this study, early elementary school children (5- to 7-y...

Contracting, Equal, and Expanding Learning Schedules 1 Running head: CONTRACTING, EQUAL, AND EXPANDING LEARNING SCHEDULES Contracting, Equal, and Expanding Learning Schedules: The Optimal Distribution of Learning Sessions Depends on Retention Interval

In laboratory and applied learning experiments, researchers have extensively investigated the optimal distribution of two learning sessions (i.e., initial learning and one relearning session) for the learning of verbatim material. However, research has not yet provided a satisfying and conclusive answer to the optimal scheduling of three learning sessions (i.e., initial learning and two relearn...

Temporal dynamics of categorization: forgetting as the basis of abstraction and generalization

Historically, models of categorization have focused on how learners track frequencies and co-occurrence information to abstract relevant category features for generalization. The current study takes a different approach by examining how the temporal dynamics of categorization affect abstraction and generalization. In the learning phase of the experiment, all relevant category features were pres...